Quick Tips
Maybe you found an old penny at the bottom of a drawer, or perhaps you’ve started a coin collection and want to restore some luster to your finds. But before you start scrubbing with whatever’s under the sink, know this: cleaning coins improperly can damage them and destroy their value. The right method depends on whether you want to restore shine, remove grime, or preserve historical integrity.
Why Cleaning Coins Requires Caution
Coins, especially collectibles and antiques, can lose their numismatic value if cleaned too aggressively. Scratches, chemical damage, or removing a natural patina can make a once-valuable coin worth little more than pocket change. If a coin is rare or potentially valuable, consult a professional before attempting any cleaning.
For everyday coins, though? A little careful cleaning can restore shine and remove surface grime without damage.
What You’ll Need to Clean Coins
Before you start, gather these safe cleaning supplies:
- Mild dish soap – Breaks down grime gently.
- Distilled water – Prevents mineral buildup.
- Soft-bristled toothbrush – For light scrubbing.
- Baking soda or white vinegar – Mildly lifts dirt and tarnish.
- Cotton swabs – For precise cleaning.
- Soft cloth or paper towels – For drying.
How to Clean Coins Safely in 5 Methods
1. The Gentle Soap and Water Rinse
For everyday coins that need a light refresh, mild soap and warm water is the safest bet. Fill a bowl with warm distilled water and add a drop of dish soap. Let the coins soak for 5–10 minutes, then gently rub with your fingers or a soft toothbrush. Rinse with clean distilled water and pat dry with a soft cloth. This method removes dirt and oils without harming the coin’s surface.
2. Vinegar and Baking Soda for Stubborn Grime
For coins that need more than just soap, a vinegar soak can help. Place the coins in a small bowl of white vinegar and let them sit for 5–15 minutes. If stains persist, make a baking soda paste (a little baking soda and water) and gently rub it onto the coin using a cotton swab or soft toothbrush. Rinse thoroughly to remove all residue. This method is effective for modern coins but not recommended for collectibles.
3. Lemon Juice for Tarnished Coins
Lemon juice contains natural acids that lift oxidation and discoloration. Place coins in a small dish of lemon juice for 3–5 minutes, then rub gently with a soft cloth. Rinse immediately with distilled water and dry thoroughly. Be cautious with copper coins, as lemon juice can strip away protective layers and leave them vulnerable to future tarnish.
4. Olive Oil for Delicate Coins
For older or valuable coins, avoid harsh chemicals and opt for a slow, gentle method. Soak coins in olive oil for several days to weeks to loosen dirt naturally. After soaking, wipe with a soft cloth and rinse with distilled water. This preserves the original patina while cleaning away grime.
5. Commercial Coin Cleaners for Collectors (Use with Caution)
If you’re dealing with a high-value collection, consider commercial coin cleaners designed for numismatics. These solutions remove tarnish and dirt without causing microscopic scratches. However, these should only be used as a last resort and tested on lower-value coins first.
How Professionals Clean Rare Coins
Professional numismatists and conservationists use specialized techniques such as:
- Ultrasonic cleaning – Uses sound waves to lift dirt without abrasion.
- Electrolysis – Removes corrosion from ancient coins safely.
- Non-invasive chemical baths – Designed for museum conservation.
- Preserving patina – Many rare coins are left untouched to maintain historical integrity.
If you have a valuable or antique coin, consult a numismatic expert or professional coin grading service before attempting any cleaning (PCGS coin conservation guide).
How Often Should You Clean Coins?
- For everyday coins: Only when dirty to maintain appearance.
- For collectibles: Rarely, if ever, unless professional conservation is needed.
- For metal-detected or found coins: When necessary to remove dirt, but avoid over-cleaning.
Final Thoughts
Cleaning coins the wrong way can turn a valuable collectible into a common trinket, but with the right techniques, you can safely restore shine and remove grime. If a coin is potentially rare, always research before cleaning.
For more cleaning hacks, check out How to Clean Silver. Keep your metals looking sharp!