How to Clean a Couch: 7 Deep-Cleaning Steps for a Spotless Sofa

Your couch has been through a lot—movie marathons, spilled drinks, pet naps, and maybe even a few ill-advised snack experiments. Over time, crumbs, stains, and dust build up, turning your once-cozy couch into a grimy, odor-filled disaster. But don’t worry—whether it’s fabric, leather, or microfiber, we’ll show you how to deep-clean your couch and make it look (and smell) fresh again.

Why Cleaning Your Couch Matters

Couches are high-traffic furniture, meaning they collect everything from dust and pet hair to sweat and food particles. Over time, this can lead to lingering odors, allergens, and bacteria buildup. Regular cleaning improves air quality, extends your couch’s lifespan, and keeps it looking its best. A neglected couch can also become a breeding ground for dust mites, which can aggravate allergies and respiratory issues. Deep cleaning also helps prevent mold and mildew, especially in humid environments where moisture can become trapped in the fabric.

What You’ll Need to Clean a Couch

Before diving in, gather the following supplies:

• Vacuum with upholstery attachment – Removes loose debris and pet hair.
• Mild dish soap or upholstery cleaner – Cleans fabric safely.
• White vinegar and baking soda – Neutralizes odors and lifts stains.
• Microfiber cloths and sponges – For gentle scrubbing.
• Soft-bristled brush – Helps remove deep-set dirt.
• Spray bottle – Distributes cleaning solutions evenly.
• Steam cleaner (optional) – Provides a deep, professional-level clean.
• Enzyme cleaner – Great for breaking down organic stains like urine or food spills.
• Rubbing alcohol – Works on ink stains and other stubborn marks.
• Lint roller – Helps remove pet hair and lint from fabric surfaces.

How to Clean a Couch in 7 Steps

1. Check the Care Tag First

Before using any cleaner, locate your couch’s fabric care tag (usually under the cushions or on the frame). It will have a cleaning code:

• W – Water-based cleaners are safe.
• S – Solvent-based cleaners only.
• WS – Both water- and solvent-based cleaners are okay.
• X – Vacuum or dry brush only (no liquid cleaners).

Following the correct cleaning method prevents damage and discoloration. Using the wrong cleaner could cause fabric shrinkage, color fading, or even material breakdown.

2. Vacuum Thoroughly

Using a vacuum with an upholstery attachment, remove loose dirt, crumbs, and pet hair. Be sure to vacuum under cushions, along seams, and in crevices. If your couch has fabric that attracts lint or pet hair, use a lint roller or rubber glove to pick up any stubborn debris. If you have pets, an upholstery vacuum with a HEPA filter can help remove dander that may not be visible to the naked eye.

3. Spot Clean Stains Immediately

For fresh stains, blot (don’t rub!) with a clean microfiber cloth. Use the appropriate cleaner based on your fabric’s cleaning code:

• Water-based fabrics (W, WS): Mix two cups of warm water with a few drops of dish soap. Dab the stain with a sponge and blot dry.
• Solvent-only fabrics (S): Use a dry-cleaning solvent or rubbing alcohol. Apply lightly with a cloth, then blot.
• Grease stains: Sprinkle baking soda over the stain, let it sit for 15 minutes, then vacuum.
• Urine stains: Use an enzyme cleaner to break down the proteins and eliminate odor at the source.
• Ink stains: Dab with rubbing alcohol using a cotton swab, then blot with a dry cloth.

For stubborn stains, repeat the process or try using white vinegar diluted with water.

4. Deodorize with Baking Soda

If your couch smells less than fresh, sprinkle baking soda liberally over the entire surface and let it sit for at least 30 minutes (or overnight for deep odors). Vacuum it up using the upholstery attachment. This removes trapped odors, moisture, and bacteria. You can also mix a few drops of essential oil (like lavender or eucalyptus) into the baking soda before applying for a fresh, subtle scent.

5. Deep Clean with a Steam Cleaner (Optional)

For an extra-deep clean, use a steam cleaner designed for upholstery. The heat from the steam kills bacteria, loosens dirt, and removes stains without chemicals. Move the steamer slowly over the fabric, making sure not to oversaturate the material. Avoid using steam cleaners on fabrics labeled S or X, as they may not handle moisture well.

If you don’t own a steam cleaner, you can rent one from most home improvement stores.

6. Clean and Condition Leather Couches

If you have a leather couch, avoid using water-based cleaners. Instead:

• Dust the surface with a dry cloth.
• Wipe down with a damp microfiber cloth using a solution of equal parts vinegar and water.
• Apply a leather conditioner after cleaning to keep the material soft and prevent cracks.
• Buff with a dry microfiber cloth to restore the natural shine.

For deeper cleaning, use a specialized leather cleaner. Never use ammonia-based products on leather, as they can dry out and damage the surface.

7. Let It Fully Dry Before Using

After cleaning, allow your couch to air dry completely before sitting on it again. Open windows or use a fan to speed up drying. If cushions are removable, stand them upright to allow airflow on all sides. Sitting on a damp couch can cause moisture to become trapped, leading to mold or mildew growth.

How Professionals Deep-Clean Couches

If DIY cleaning isn’t enough, professional upholstery cleaners use advanced methods such as:

• Hot water extraction – Uses pressurized steam to lift stains and bacteria.
• Encapsulation cleaning – A low-moisture foam traps dirt for easy removal.
• Chemical-free dry cleaning – Ideal for delicate fabrics that can’t handle moisture.
• UV sanitation – Kills bacteria and dust mites without chemicals.

If your couch still has persistent stains or odors, a professional cleaning service might be worth considering (professional upholstery cleaning guide).

How Often Should You Clean Your Couch?

• Vacuuming: Weekly to remove dirt and dust.
• Spot cleaning: As soon as spills happen to prevent stains.
• Deep cleaning: Every 3–6 months (more often if you have pets or kids).
• Professional cleaning: Once a year for high-traffic couches.

Final Thoughts

A clean couch lasts longer, smells better, and feels fresher. With regular maintenance and the right cleaning methods, you can keep your sofa stain-free and looking brand new.

For more furniture cleaning tips, check out How to Clean a Mattress. Keep every part of your home fresh and inviting!